1.What does Islam say about suicide bombing?/Religious motivation behind suicide bombing? Ans:The holy book of Islam does not call on young volunteers to strap explosives to their bodies and set them off in crowded public areas in Israel. That much is clear. Suicide bombers are waging a distinctly modern type of warfare not sanctioned in any faith. Its advocates — young, poor and desperate — say they base their beliefs on the Islamic concept of "jihad," which means to strive or struggle. Jihad is one of the foundational beliefs of Islam and it is applied in various ways. There is jihad of the hand, which means the struggle to put faith into action by doing good deeds; jihad of the heart, which is the struggle to make the faith real as a spiritual force; jihad of the tongue, the struggle to speak about the faith with others; and jihad of the sword, the struggle to defend the faith when it is under attack. Jihad of the sword is probably best known to non-Muslims by another term, "holy war." The Holy Koran does not justify aggression in its pages. It does, however, call on Muslims to defend themselves, their families and their countries against oppression. Suicide bombers believe they are fighting against oppression, in this case, Israel's occupation of their land. Although Islam strictly forbids suicide and condemns to hell those who take their own lives, suicide bombers claim they are soldiers who would most likely die in war anyway. Islam also forbids attacking noncombatants, such as women, children and the elderly. On this point, suicide bombers claim that Israeli society, because it drafts men and women, is essentially made up of soldiers and therefore there is no distinction between civilians and conscripts. But nowhere in Islam there is direct command to carry on suicide bombing to protect its causes,only been asked to carry on Jihad. The so called terrorist groups of resistance justified suicide bombing as a method of War or Jihad,not Quran or Islam
2.What motivates suicide bombing? Ans:The evidence from the researches largely discredits the common wisdom that the personality of suicide bombers and their religion are the principal cause. It shows that though religion can play a vital role in recruiting and motivating potential future suicide bombers, the driving force is not religion but a cocktail of motivations including politics, humiliation, revenge, retaliation and altruism. The configuration of these motivations is related to the specific circumstances of the political conflict behind the rise of suicide attacks in different countries.The main motive for many suicide bombings in Israel is revenge for acts committed by Israelis.The reason why so many of Darnah's young men had gone to Iraq for suicide missions was not the global jihadi ideology, but an explosive mix of desperation, pride, anger, sense of powerlessness, local tradition of resistance and religious fervor. A similar mix of factors is now motivating young Pashtuns to volunteer for suicide missions in Pakistan and Afghanistan. Understanding the terrorist organization's logic is more important than understanding individual motivations in explaining suicide attacks.Suicide bombings serve the interests of the sponsoring organization in two ways: by coercing an adversary to make concessions, and by giving the organization an advantage over its rival in terms of support from constituencies. Contrary to the popular image that suicide terrorism is an outcome of irrational religious fanaticism, suicide bombing attacks are resolutely a politically-motivated phenomenon. Humiliation, revenge and altruism appear to play a key role at the organizational and individual levels in shaping the sub-culture that promotes suicide bombings.In the months following the release of the Abu Ghraib photos, daily suicide bombing attacks in Iraq increased dramatically. Similarly, counterinsurgency operations involving random house searches, interrogations, arrests and other violations of human dignity were followed by an increase in suicide attacks.Revenge is also a response to the continuous suffering of an aggrieved community. For the individual, participating in a suicide mission is not about dying and killing alone but has a broader significance for achieving multiple purposes – from personal to communal.The causes of suicide bombings lie not in individual psychopathology but in broader social conditions.
3.Is suicide bombing as resistance legitimate or legal? Ans: If a people is downtrodden and oppressed, it fights back. People have the right to resist against injustice and occupation.
The conflict is older than the occupation, and there was unprovoked Palestinian /terrorist violence against civilians even before the creation of Israel/oppression. Examples include the 1929 riots in Hebron and Jerusalem. Most people under occupation don't blow up civilians in supermarkets or busses. Most 'resistance' of other peoples was and is focused on soldiers, sometimes politicians, but seldom at killing as many civilians as possible. Often people resist oppression in non-violent ways. What is also quite unique is the extremist anti-Semitic propaganda (Mein Kampf is a best seller among the Palestinians). Nobody likes his oppressor, but such propaganda is unprecedented. However, the heart of the problem is, again, that most Palestinians do not accept Israel and their resistance is directed at its very existence. Palestinian violence increased at moments that Israel made concessions and handed over territory, because these 'resistance groups' are opposed to peace. Every country has the right and also the duty to protect its civilians. For the individual, participating in a suicide mission is not about dying and killing alone but has a broader significance for achieving multiple purposes – from personal to communal. These include gaining community approval and political success; liberating the homeland; achieving personal redemption or honor; using martyrdom to effect the survival of the community; refusing to accept subjugation; seeking revenge for personal and collective humiliation; conveying religious or nationalistic convictions; expressing guilt, shame, material and religious rewards; escaping from intolerable everyday degradations of life under occupation, boredom, anxiety and defiance. The configuration of these purposes varies and is an outcome of specific circumstances of the political conflict behind the rise of suicide attacks as a tactic and a weapon. For those who are trying to fight back oppression and win back their country,any type of resistance that may drive the oppressors away,is justified as a method of war.But so called civilized countries may not accept it as a legitimate way of resistance,as they already thrive at military power
4.What are the difference between suicide and suicide bombing? Ans:Suicide and suicide bombing are two whole different criteria.Suicide is committed by people solely because of depression,anxiety,personal failures and in some cases psychological abnormality.There have also been cases of suicide where the person"Just couldn't go on with life."But actually the person was homeless or jobless or couldn't pay his mortgage or loan.Overall,for personal issues.But suicide bombing is done to fight back oppression,protect faith as a group.The main motive for many suicide bombings in Israel is revenge for acts committed by oppressors. Apart from one demographic attribute – that the majority of suicide bombers tend to be young males – the evidence has failed to find a stable set of demographic, psychological, socioeconomic and religious variables that can be causally linked to suicide bombers' personality or socioeconomic origins. With the exception of a few cases, their life stories show no apparent connection between violent militant activity and personality disorders. Typically, most suicide bombers are psychologically normal and are deeply integrated into social networks and emotionally attached to their national communities. Randomly attached labels such as "mad" denote one's inability to fathom the deeper reasons but don't advance our understanding of the causes of the phenomenon of suicide bombing. Rather, they impede us from discovering its real nature, purpose and causes.
5.How western countries see suicide bombing? Ans:Suicide terrorism is a problematic term to define. There is an ongoing debate on definitions of terrorism itself. Kofi Annan, as Secretary General of the UN, defined terrorism in March 2005 in the General Assembly as any action "intended to cause death or serious bodily harm to civilians or non-combatants" for the purpose of intimidation.This definition would distinguish suicide terrorism from suicide bombing in that suicide bombing does not necessarily target non-combatants, and is not widely accepted. For example, Jason Burke, a journalist who has lived among Islamic militants himself, whilst preferring the term 'militancy' to 'terrorism', suggests that most define terrorism as 'the use or threat of serious violence' to advance some kind of 'cause', and stresses that terrorism is a tactic. Burke leaves the target of such actions out of the definition, although he is also clear in calling suicide bombings 'abhorrent'. F. Halliday meanwhile draws attention to the fact that assigning the descriptor of 'terrorist' or 'terrorism' to the actions of a group is a tactic used by states to deny 'legitimacy' and 'rights to protest and rebel', With awareness of that debate in mind, suicide terrorism itself has been defined by A. Pedahzur as "A diversity of violent actions perpetrated by people who are aware that the odds they will return alive are close to zero."This captures suicide bombing, and the range of suicide tactics below. The doctrine of asymmetric warfare views suicide attacks as a result of an imbalance of power, in which groups with little significant power resort to suicide bombing as a convenient tactic to demoralize the targeted civilians or government leadership of their enemies. Suicide bombing may also take place as a perceived response to actions or policies of a group with greater power. Groups which have significant power have no need to resort to suicide bombing to achieve their aims; consequently, suicide bombing is overwhelmingly used by guerrillas, and other irregular fighting forces. Among many such groups, there are religious overtones to martyrdom: attackers and their supporters may believe that their sacrifice will be rewarded in an afterlife. Suicide attackers often believe that their actions are in accordance with moral or social standards because they are aimed at fighting forces and conditions that they perceive as unjust. According to Robert Pape, director of the Chicago Project on Suicide Terrorism, 95% of suicide attacks in recent times have the same specific strategic goal: to cause an occupying state to withdraw forces from a disputed territory. Robert Pape's studies have found that suicide attacks are most often provoked by political occupation. Pape found the targeted countries were ones where the government was democratic and public opinion played a role in determining policy.
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